Built-in Functions¶

The Python interpreter has a number of functions and types built into it that are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order.

Built-in Functions
A `abs()` `aiter()` `all()` `any()` `ascii()` B `bin()` `bool()` `breakpoint()` `bytearray()` `bytes()` C `callable()` `chr()` `classmethod()` `compile()` `complex()` D `delattr()` `dict()` `dir()` `divmod()`	E `enumerate()` `eval()` `exec()` F `filter()` `float()` `format()` `frozenset()` G `getattr()` `globals()` H `hasattr()` `hash()` `help()` `hex()` I `id()` `input()` `int()` `isinstance()` `issubclass()` `iter()`	L `len()` `list()` `locals()` M `map()` `max()` `memoryview()` `min()` N O `object()` `oct()` `open()` `ord()` P `pow()` `print()` `property()`	R `range()` `repr()` `reversed()` `round()` S `set()` `setattr()` `slice()` `sorted()` `staticmethod()` `str()` `sum()` T `type()` V `vars()` Z `zip()` _ `__import__()`

abs(number, /)¶: Return the absolute value of a number. The argument may be an integer, a floating-point number, or an object implementing __abs__(). If the argument is a complex number, its magnitude is returned.

aiter(async_iterable, /)¶

Return an asynchronous iterator for an asynchronous iterable. Equivalent to calling x.__aiter__().

Note: Unlike iter(), aiter() has no 2-argument variant.

Added in version 3.10.

all(iterable, /)¶

Return True if all elements of the iterable are true (or if the iterable is empty). Equivalent to:

def all(iterable):
    for element in iterable:
        if not element:
            return False
    return True

awaitable anext(async_iterator, /)

awaitable anext(async_iterator, default, /)

When awaited, return the next item from the given asynchronous iterator, or default if given and the iterator is exhausted.

This is the async variant of the builtin, and behaves similarly.

This calls the method of async_iterator, returning an awaitable. Awaiting this returns the next value of the iterator. If default is given, it is returned if the iterator is exhausted, otherwise StopAsyncIteration is raised.

Added in version 3.10.

any(iterable, /)¶

Return True if any element of the iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, return False. Equivalent to:

def any(iterable):
    for element in iterable:
        if element:
            return True
    return False

ascii(object, /)¶: As repr(), return a string containing a printable representation of an object, but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string returned by repr() using \x, \u, or \U escapes. This generates a string similar to that returned by repr() in Python 2.

bin(integer, /)¶

Convert an integer number to a binary string prefixed with “0b”. The result is a valid Python expression. If integer is not a Python int object, it has to define an method that returns an integer. Some examples:

>>> bin(3)
'0b11'
>>> bin(-10)
'-0b1010'

If the prefix “0b” is desired or not, you can use either of the following ways.

>>> format(14, '#b'), format(14, 'b')
('0b1110', '1110')
>>> f'{14:#b}', f'{14:b}'
('0b1110', '1110')

See also enum.bin() to represent negative values as twos-complement.

See also format() for more information.

class bool(object=False, /)¶: Return a Boolean value, i.e. one of True or False. The argument is converted using the standard truth testing procedure. If the argument is false or omitted, this returns False; otherwise, it returns True. The bool class is a subclass of int (see Numeric Types — int, float, complex). It cannot be subclassed further. Its only instances are False and True (see Boolean Type - bool).

Changed in version 3.7: The parameter is now positional-only.

breakpoint(*args, **kws)¶

This function drops you into the debugger at the call site. Specifically, it calls sys.breakpointhook(), passing args and kws straight through. By default, sys.breakpointhook() calls pdb.set_trace() expecting no arguments. In this case, it is purely a convenience function so you don’t have to explicitly import pdb or type as much code to enter the debugger. However, sys.breakpointhook() can be set to some other function and breakpoint() will automatically call that, allowing you to drop into the debugger of choice. If sys.breakpointhook() is not accessible, this function will raise RuntimeError.

By default, the behavior of breakpoint() can be changed with the PYTHONBREAKPOINT environment variable. See sys.breakpointhook() for usage details.

Note that this is not guaranteed if sys.breakpointhook() has been replaced.

Raises an auditing event builtins.breakpoint with argument breakpointhook.

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Built-in Functions¶

Built-in Functions¶

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